Teks Biografi bahasa inggris tokoh pahlawan indonesia ( Sultan Agung)

SULTAN AGUNG HANYOKROKUSUMO

               Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusumo (1593 - 1645) was the king of the Mataram Sultanate who ruled in 1613-1645. Under his leadership, Mataram developed into the largest kingdom in Java and the archipelago at that time. For his services as a warrior and culturalist, Sultan Agung has been determined to be an Indonesian national hero.

               His real name is Raden Mas Jatmika, or well-known as Raden Mas Rangsang. Sultan Agung is the son of Prabu Hanyokrowati and Ratu Mas Adi Dyah Banowati. His father was the second king of Mataram, while his mother was the daughter of Prince Benawa raja Pajang. At the beginning of his administration, Mas Rangsang had the title Panembahan Agung. Then after conquering Madura in 1624, he changed his title to Susuhunan Agung or abbreviated as Sunan Agung.

               In 1641 Sunan Agung obtained an Arabic title. The title is Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Maulana Mataram, which he obtained from the leader of the Kaaba in Mecca. Sultan Agung ascended to the throne in 1613 at the age of 20. In 1614 the VOC (which at that time was still based in Ambon) sent ambassadors to invite Sultan Agung to work together but was rejected outright. In 1618 Mataram was hit by a crop failure due to a protracted war against Surabaya. Nevertheless, Sultan Agung refused to cooperate with the VOC. Realizing the Dutch nation's strength, Sultan Agung began to think of using the VOC in the competition to face Surabaya and Banten. So in 1621 Mataram began a relationship with the VOC. Both parties sent ambassadors to each other. However, the VOC refused to help when Mataram attacked Surabaya. Sultan Agung never gave up facing a very powerful invaders.

He tried to establish relations with the Portuguese to jointly destroy the Dutch VOC. But the relationship was later terminated in 1635 because he realized the Portuguese position at that time was already weak.

               All of Java was finally in the power of the Mataram Sultanate, except Batavia which was still occupied by the VOC-Dutch military. Whereas Banten village has been assimilated through cultural fusion. The outer islands which were subdued were Palembang in Sumatra in 1636 and Sukadana in Kalimantan in 1622. Sultan Agung also established diplomatic relations with Makassar, the strongest country in Sulawesi at that time. Sultan Agung succeeded in making Mataram a great empire not only built on bloodshed and violence, but through noble folk culture and introducing agricultural systems. Harbor and trade countries such as Surabaya and Tuban are turned off, so that people's lives depend only on the agricultural sector. Sultan Agung also paid attention to culture.

               He combined the Hijri Calendar used on the northern coast with the Saka Calendar which is still used in the interior. The result was the creation of an Islamic Javanese Calendar as an effort to unite the people of Mataram. In addition, Sultan Agung is also known as the author of a mystical script, titled Literature Gending.

In the Mataram palace, Sultan Agung established the use of Bagongan language which had to be used by nobles and officials in order to eliminate the gap between one another. Thus it is expected to create a sense of unity among the palace dwellers. By 1645 Sultan Agung felt his death was near. He built Astana Imogiri as the burial center of the family of the kings of the Sultanate of Mataram starting from him. The Sultan also wrote the Gending Literature fiber as a guide to the life of the Mataram breed.

In accordance with his will, Sultan Agung who died in 1645 was replaced by his son named Raden Mas Sayidin as king of Mataram.